How to perform puncture examination
Puncture examination is a common medical diagnostic method in which tissue or fluid samples are obtained for pathological or biochemical analysis. In recent years, with the advancement of medical technology, the accuracy and safety of puncture examination have been significantly improved, becoming a key method for the diagnosis of many diseases. The following is a detailed guide to puncture examination, including operating procedures, precautions and related data.
1. Common types of puncture examination
| Type | Applicable scenarios | Sample type |
|---|---|---|
| fine needle aspiration | Superficial masses such as thyroid and breast | cells or small amounts of tissue |
| Thick needle puncture | Deep organs such as liver and kidneys | Larger tissue samples |
| lumbar puncture | central nervous system diseases | cerebrospinal fluid |
| bone marrow aspiration | blood system diseases | bone marrow fluid |
2. Operation steps of puncture examination
1.Preoperative preparation: The doctor will evaluate the patient's medical history and confirm that there are no contraindications (such as coagulation disorders). Patients are required to sign an informed consent form.
2.Disinfection and anesthesia: After the puncture site has been disinfected, a local anesthetic (such as lidocaine) is often used to relieve pain.
3.puncture process: Under the guidance of ultrasound or CT, the doctor inserts the puncture needle into the target site and extracts the sample. The whole journey takes about 10-30 minutes.
4.Postoperative treatment: Apply pressure to stop bleeding and bandage the wound. The patient needs to be observed for more than 30 minutes to confirm that there is no abnormality before leaving.
3. Precautions for puncture examination
| Things to note | Specific content |
|---|---|
| Fasting before surgery | Some punctures (such as the liver) require fasting for 4-6 hours |
| Postoperative care | Avoid strenuous exercise within 24 hours and keep the wound dry |
| Complications | Bleeding, infection, pneumothorax (rare) |
4. Frequently Asked Questions about Puncture Examination
Q: Will the puncture examination hurt?
A: Local anesthesia can effectively reduce pain, and most patients only feel slight discomfort.
Q: How long does it take for the puncture results to be available?
A: Routine pathology report takes 3-5 days, and rapid pathology (intraoperative) takes about 30 minutes.
Q: Who should not undergo piercing?
A: Patients with severe coagulation disorder, infection at the puncture site, or those who are unable to cooperate should be cautious.
5. Technical progress of puncture examination
In recent years, the popularity of image guidance technology (such as ultrasound, MRI) has significantly improved the accuracy of puncture. Artificial intelligence-assisted systems have also begun to be used in puncture path planning to further reduce risks. Data shows that the diagnostic accuracy of modern puncture technology can reach more than 90%.
| technology | Advantages | Applicable scenarios |
|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound guidance | Real-time imaging, no radiation | Thyroid and breast puncture |
| CT guidance | High resolution | Lung and deep organ puncture |
| robot assistance | Sub-millimeter accuracy | Prostate, spinal tap |
Summary
Puncture examination is a safe and efficient diagnostic method, but the operating specifications must be strictly followed. Patients should choose a qualified medical institution and fully understand the examination process. With the development of technology, puncture examination will be more accurate and minimally invasive, providing stronger support for disease diagnosis.
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